Nitric Acid is a major inorganic chemical produced worldwide, primarily via the Ostwald process (involving the catalytic oxidation of ammonia). Pure is a colorless liquid, but commercial grades are often sold as an aqueous solution, commonly concentration. When concentrated, it is highly volatile and gives off reddish-brown fumes of nitrogen dioxide, resulting from its decomposition, which also gives older solutions a characteristic yellowish tint. Fuming Nitric Acid refers to concentrations over and is even more dangerously reactive.
Nitric Acid – (HNO₃)
Nitric Acid is a clear to yellowish, fuming, highly corrosive mineral acid with a pungent, choking odor. It is classified as a strong acid that fully dissociates in water and, importantly, is a powerful oxidizing agent. Concentrated is extremely hazardous, causing severe chemical burns and stains upon contact. Its primary industrial applications are in the synthesis of ammonium nitrate for fertilizers, the manufacture of explosives (like TNT and nitroglycerin), and in the pickling and etching of metals due to its strong oxidizing properties.
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